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Mashu caldera, Japan
Mashu is a 6-kilometer-wide caldera on the northernmost Japanese island of Hokkaido.
It truncates a stratovolcano constructed on the ESE rim of the larger Kutcharo caldera.
Mashu caldera is seen here from its SW rim with the small island of Kamuishi, a mostly submerged lava dome, in the center of the lake.
The steep-walled caldera is one of the scenic highlights of Hokkaido.
The latest eruption of Mashu took place about 1000 years ago, from Kamuinupuri, whose lower flanks appear at the extreme right.
The deep blue waters of 6-km-wide Mashu caldera are seen here from its western rim.
The small island of Kamuishu in the center of Lake Mashu (right-center) represents the tip of a mostly submerged lava dome.
Mashu is a Holocene caldera that truncates a stratovolcano constructed on the ESE rim of the large Kutcharo caldera.
Following caldera collapse, a small stratovolcano, Kamuinupuri (whose lower flanks are visible at the far right), was formed beginning about 4000 years ago.
Kamuinupuri, its top in the clouds, is a small stratovolcano constructed on the SE rim of Mashu caldera.
Growth of Kamuinupuri postdated the roughly 7000-year-old collapse of Mashu caldera.
The steep scarp below the summit is the NE wall of a small, 1.2 x 1.5 km caldera that formed at the summit of Kamuinupuri about 1000 years ago, during the last eruption of Mashu volcano.
PHOTO SOURCES: Lee Siebert 1977 and Shun Nakano, 2001 (Japanese Quaternary Volcanoes database, RIODB, //riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/index.htm and Geol Surv Japan, AIST, //gsj.jp/), courtesy of the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, used with permission, NASA and Wikimedia Commons.
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